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Questions: What Are The Issues That Are Being Faced By Bike Riding Clubs Like Ulysses Club In Australia? How Can The Issues Faced By Ulysses Club Be Minimized For It To Stay Ahead Of The Competition? What Are The Possible Recommendations Through Which New Members Can Be Attracted By Bike Riding Clubs Like Ulysses In Australia? Answers: Introduction Branding is one of the most fruitful strategies for spreading the product or service awareness among the customers. Previously, the brand was defined by recognizing the slogan, name, design, signs or symbols of the company. Moreover, branding was conceptualized as the fruitful techniques that differentiate the products or the services of the companies from their competitors. Currently, the branding process is quite complex due to the emerging competition in the business world (Keller, Dekimpe Geyskens, 2016). It is even necessary to develop the ideas about the different types of the branding strategies that are useful for establishing the brand image. This chapter of the study would concentrate on the brand positioning method for Ulysses Club to make the customers aware of the usefulness recreational factors for the middle age people. The club offers the motorcycle ride to the people belong to the age group of 40. The usefulness of the recreational activities for the middle age peop le will be specified in this study. The chapter would also provide the rationale for discussing this research subject. The further research would include the relevant secondary information and the justified methodologies. Background The Ulysses Club is situated in both Australia and New Zealand, formed for the motorcyclists over and above the age of forty. This club cropped up in Australia in December 1983, in response to a letter from the present day redundant magazine of Bike Australia editor, Peter Thoeming (Morandin, Bagozzi Bergami, 2013). The name Ulysses Club was the proposal of Rob Hall, while Pat Lynch, Robs then girlfriend, initiated the motto of the club, Grow Old Disgracefully. Peter Thoeming sketched the old man logo that is being still used as the emblem of the club. The club has made use of the original hand-sketched form of the logo that was made by Peter. The clubs introductory meeting was apprehended in Sydney on December 6th, 1983, when five people who were present in the meeting permitted of the draft constitution and the Ulysses Club was duly created. This meeting gave birth to a draft constitution along with the formation of the three primary purposes of the club: In providing ways where the old motorcyclists can get along together for camaraderie and shared support. In showing through example that motor cycling can be pleasurable and a practical movement for the riders of all ages. In drawing attention of the private and public institutions to the requirements and opinions of the older riders. These unique purposes are being entrenched in the constitution of the club and have till date remained unaffected. This motor cycling club has been the biggest organization of its kind having 138 branches within Australia and existing globally in places like Italy, Germany, Austria, Vietnam and Norway. Furthermore, the partner of the member, who has conquered the age of forty, may also be divulged as a club member on prior application. Till a member achieves the 50 age level, he or she is considered to be a junior member of the club, however having full membership rights along with privileges. Research Rationale This research would take into account the issue of declining membership of Ulysses Club in Australia and the reasons on why the club is not being able to attract any new members. The club states it is under no pressure and is in competition with none to increase the members. The club has been able to recognize that a few more of the existing clubs have been able to offer diversified experiences for the riders to select. The closer observation to the current scenario specifies that the issues are emerging due to the insignificant brand promotions. The service users requires having the adequate knowledge about the brand and the functionalities of the services provided by the club. The recreational rides for the middle age people have numerous advantages. However, if the specifications are not clear the service users, they tend to avoid such service. The best way of communicating is to put together a newsletter that would be letting the people know when the organization is planning its next rides, events and other meetings. The website of the bike clubs needs to be maintained in the best possible way as a mean of communicating with others. According to Oeppen Jamal (2014), the success of the motorcycle clubs is primarily based on attitude. In order to take the member in serious manner, especially the one at the top, he should prepare himself with a sneer instead of a smile on his face. It is the attitude and the demeanor that attracts others towards the motorcycle clubs where associating with one particular group might augment the social status. The lack of effective strategy for branding is the major determinants that the club has been facing currently. It is essential for the company to adopt the suitable branding strategy to attract the target customers towards the service or products (Biedenbach, 2017). It is also necessary to pay attention towards the major issues that are creating the negative impacts on sales ratio. Accordingly, the relevant strategy would be selected. The following issues are the probable determinants for the decreasing level in sales. A larger group of members of the club has in recent times expressed their concerns at the serious turn down in the membership of club over a period of three years. The recent official figures from the club management states that the use of the cycle has been falling as the percentage of the adults who ride at least once a month fell to 15 per cent the previous year. The decline of quite a larger section of the people was marked in Australia and New Zealand. The bike riding clubs or organizations have been blaming the government for failing to offer ample funding for the provision for bike riding transportation along with fears of safety on the part of would-be bikers. The membership of the club did manage to peak up in 2010, figures stating that 28,000 members were at the helm, though it declined in the next few years with figures suggesting the total under present circumstances is at 16,000 (Biezen, Poguntke, (2014). With due regards to the Ulysses club, the decline in the membership has been for reasons like the termination of the club Newsletter which has been one of the popular journal, predominantly enjoyed by many who have been the non-riding members. From the period from 2010 to 2015, the club did manage to generate fifty newsletters. However, with few of the important members leaving the club scene, only five newsletters have been produced in the last two years. Moreover, it was decided at the AGM that the generation of the Newsletter is not worth the exertion. Many of the club members on the sudden stop of the newsletters, which was once deemed popular, have ridiculed this fact. As suggested by some of the top members, one does not require articles, just the oddments and the one-off clipart that can easily be cut and pasted from the website of the club. In every three months time, a run list is being shaped and propelled through posts to all the members of the club who are not having the broadband facilities. The only extra effort that is being required was in placing a piece of paper into the envelopes of the recipients. It took the club officials a maximum time of two hours in producing and posting the club newsletter to their members with the list of the run. At the time when the club was producing so many of the newsletters during the period of 2012-2013, the club comprised of 85 members who did not have the email amenities. It is of no coincidence that following the annihilation of the Newsletter, in the present scenario there is only less than half the figure of club members without facilities of email. Another potential factor that might have resulted in the decline of the club membership is the decision in removing AUD $6 membership for the non-riders that was popular among many of the non-riding members (Berry Wilcox, 2015). This is yet another of those reasons for those members who no longer are capable in riding with the club, not renewing their association with the club. Research Aim: The aim of the research is to establish the effective brand image strategies to develop the proper brand image of motorcycle rides of Ulysses club. The study also attempts to understand the usefulness of the recreational activities for the middle aged people. Required Information: The information that is being required for addressing the issues that Ulysses Club is facing would require extensive analysis of both the primary and the secondary sources. The primary sources would be dealing with the members of the club through one-on-one interviews and questionnaires containing questions that would be based on the issues and challenges the club is facing. The secondary source of information would be gathered through club websites and other related articles over the database. The chapter discusses the background of the research issues that have the clear impact on the business sustainability. The entire research will be conducted by concentrating on the formulated research objectives and questions. The identification of the research problem would be analyzed further by collecting the literature-based information in the next chapter. The further section would discuss the conceptual ideas and theoretical background of the subject matter Literature Review The literature study provides the analysis of the theoretical background related to the subject matter. The study is focusing on the development of the brand image of motorcycle rides services offered by Ulysses Club for the people belong to the age group of 40. The current situation reflects that the company has been facing the considerable declines in the sales parameter due to the ineffective branding. The branding process suggests the development of the recognizable brand image that can attract more customers and increase the sale ratio Leekha (Chhabra Sharma, 2014). The literature study would provide the conceptual analysis of the branding process. The theoretical background would specify the relevant branding strategies to develop the image of the product or services. In this section of the study, the theoretical evaluation related to the branding process would be discussed. Problem Background According to Biezen, Poguntke, (2014), one of the major challenges that are being encountered by this motorcycle clubs is the age of the members. In most of the motorcycle clubs, the average ages of the members has been fifty, and under certain circumstances even sixty. In the coming twenty years, this clubs would not be having a lot of the members. As per Hung, et al., (2017), the largest factor of declining of motorcycle membership has been related to the demographic factor. In this research, a survey was conducted where it was found that the average age fifteen months ago was stated to be sixty-seven, with over 25 per cent of that population being over the age of seventy-five. As per Everett, (2015), even though the hobbyists pass on, their bikes linger. On previous occasions, the successive owners have joined the club, substituting the previous owner of the bike. However, regrettably this tradition is getting lost somewhere. One of the members of a motorcycle riding club stated that previously the turnover used to be same for the membership, with some of the new members joining in at the same time or at the augmented rate. However, in the present scenario, the rates of new members have gone down or are not increasing the way it used to at one time. According to Berry, (2015), the clubs are keen in finding the source of such issues and understand the obstacle that lies ahead, taking important steps in combating the membership issue that is on the decline. This research did take into account the method of increasing the membership through the benefit of modern technology and the ways of delivering information in cost-effective ways. As per Launay Dunbar, (2015), the Southern Cross Association has been offering technical resources on the website of its that has been saving their members quite a few dollars, adding the much required value to the membership due prices. The workshop manuals generally run upto 1000 pages and for obvious reasons it is costly in printing and mailing of the same, so the club shifted the whole process online where the members can download it for free. The internet has been able to bring in the diversion into the households of the potential members; many such clubs have been seeing this as the value of bringing the hobby off the computer monitor and onto the streets. According to Fishman, Washington Haworth, (2014), several biker association have taken up the initiative in having a youth program. One of the things that they have been trying to perform is working with the trade schools for introducing antique bikes and relevant information about them into the prospectus. According to Fishman et al., (2015), attracting new members in the club has become one of the broader initiatives. In one of the surveys conducted within this research, members are of the opinion that when they joined these motorcycle clubs around forty years ago, it was much bunged society. However, in the present scenario, a particular motorcycle club is inviting the members of the other bike clubs to come in, visit them and have an experience. As per Hardiman Burgin, (2013), several of the motorcycle clubs have been parking their Ducati sand Ninjas in the parking lot for the people to see and have a discussion with the owners. According to Bachand-Marleau, Lee El-Geneidy, (2012), the bottom line for such an issue and to better the health of the club is to acclimatize with the needs of the members, through either socializing at the shows and events and on tours, for attracting new members to the club. As per Ricci, (2015), social media has been another reason for which the motorc ycle clubs operations are being jeopardized. With the taking over of the social media, people are just going about posting, I am riding tomorrow, want to go? This fact has taken away the requirement and significance of the pre-planned group rides. People are not showing up for the rides they used to on previous occasions. As per McKee, (2015), taking up the role of the leaders in this motorcycle clubs are becoming a hazardous jobs and not much members are showing interest is such factors. According to Morandin, Bagozzi Bergami, (2013), the word-of-mouth is not the best way of communicating the news of the club to its members and to the candidates who are interested. Therefore the best way of communicating is to put together a newsletter that would be letting the people know when the organization is planning its next rides, events and other meetings. The website of the bike clubs needs to be maintained in the best possible way as a mean of communicating with others. According to Andrews and Shimp (2017), the success of the motorcycle clubs is primarily based on attitude. In order to take the member in serious manner, especially the one at the top, he should prepare himself with a sneer instead of a smile on his face. It is the attitude and the demeanor that attracts others towards the motorcycle clubs where associating with one particular group might augment the social status. Concept of Branding Branding is the integral part of the marketing that helps in enhancing profitability parameter of the company. The effective branding process is the major marketing or selling tool that creates the total product personality. According to Chovanov, Korshunov and Bab?anov (2017), branding is the conceptual idea that helps in enhancing the service or product image for making it readily recollected by the customers. Branding creates the significant impact on the target customers and determines the outlining guidelines to be followed. It is necessary to follow some of the constant practices to create a long term branding. While spreading the brand awareness, it is necessary to take some of the concerns into consideration. These concerns are described further: The branding logos should be simple to remember for the customers. People tend to identify the simple logos that can be easily recognized and eliminate the complex ideas. The maintenance of the individuality during the branding process is essential for each brand. The branding process should consider the individuality that would be helpful enough in differentiate from the other brands. Keller (2016) implied that the individualistic brand makes the considerable marks on the psyche of the target customers. It even influences the purchasing decisions of the customers. Due to such concerns, many of the MNCs undertake serious action in case of the trademark violations. The safe branding creates the significant impacts on the consumer behaviour. In case of catering the international audience, it is essential to create the safe brand image before selling any product. With the help of the safe branding process, the customers become well aware of the product or service specifications (Aaker Biel, 2013). In addition to this, it is also necessary to be cautious about the cultural and regional sensibilities while developing the effective branding process. The customer experience depends on the significant branding process in which the company could decide the future moves (Dergipark.gov.tr. 2017). In usual cases, it is noted that the brand image is the major focus that the consumers are concerned about while making any purchase of the product or service. The brand perception influences the purchasing decision making process. The marketing and advertisement process are the most preferable tools to create the brand perceptions. The theoretical ideas obtained from the branding process signify several necessary components. The further study would develop the ideas about the different components associated with the branding process. Major Components of Branding The brand perception clearly influences the minds of the purchasers. The branding process thus depends on some of the specific components that are needed to be taken into consideration. These components are discussed further: Brand Identity In the business world of competition, the brands vary the value and power they command. Some of the specific brands have the strong level of awareness in terms of maintaining the appreciable recognitions. On the contrary, many of the brands are not much known to people due to the insignificant focus. O'guinn et al., (2014) defined that brand identity is conceptualized as the unique set of brand association that are aspired to become one of the necessary components of brand strategies. The effective brand identity depends on the authentic quality that includes the real value and sustainable characteristics for the long run (Knoji.com, 2017). It is thus considered as the insiders concept of reflecting the decisions made by the management to define the particular brand. Brand Image The brand identity provides the specifications about the brand by including the inherent features. Moreover, it represents the differentiating values for participating in the competitive business scenario. The brand image, on the other hand, represents the perspective values of the customers related to the brand specifications (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The brand image determines the total sum count of the impressions created for a particular brand on the minds of the consumers. Brand image specifies the conceptual ideas in which the consumers not only determines the product specification, they recognizes the bundle of associations, such as sophistications, wealth, and power (File.scirp.org. 2017). The brand communication can influence the brand image through ensuring the effective packaging, promotions, advertising, customer services, and word of mouth. The brand image leads the brand value either upwards or downwards. The branding process suggests the development of the recognizable b rand image that can attract more customers and increase the sale ratio. While structuring the brand image, some of the visual and verbal dimensions are added to create a significant impact on consumers minds (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). Accordingly, the customers describe their perception by understanding the specifications and the benefits availed from the brand. The quick response of the customers while asked about any specific brand determines whether the brand image has the positive or negative outcomes. Brand Positioning Brand is generally a part of the value propositions and brand identity. This brand identity is necessarily needed to be communicated to the target customer. The establishment of the customer base helps in adjusting the position and participating in the competitive landscape. It is essential for a brand manager to improve the communicational aspects to create the efficient execution strategy. The brand positioning statement is the basic beginner of the execution strategy. This statement generally refers to the exact place, which is occupied by the brand in terms of creating impact on customers minds. For instance, brand market determines the unique value of the brand. However, Andrews and Shimp. (2017) explained that it is necessary to select the target customers at the initial stage before understanding or creating the unique brand position. The observation of the advantages and benefits of the customers would be much helpful in structuring the brand strategy and creating the secure and unique position. The exclusive brand service, brand image, warrantee, and guarantee would be preferable in terms of developing the effective and unique delivery and brand packaging. While developing the brand position, it is essential to pay the focus on the following aspects. Expectations of the consumers is necessary to be determines to understand the value of the brand. The brand positioning would be depending on the needs and demands of the customers (Malik et al., 2013). It is necessary to observe whether the customers are happy with the brand specifications. The price of the product also depends on the brand image. The highly promoted brands have the significant influence on consumers minds. The comparison of the product prices among the competitors is signified through the branding process. The competitive factor is also a significant part of branding that indicates the benefits and features of the products that are needed to be offered to the target consumers. The analysis of the consumers perception is also necessary for ensuring the value of the products. Establishment of the brand image helps in understanding the needs of the customers regarding any specific brand value (Keller et al., 2017). The brand positioning is even concentrating on the unique values of the product or services. These specific characteristics are the major considerations to be noticed while structuring the brand position in an efficient way. The brand positioning would be more specific if it satisfies the needs of the target consumers. Brand Equity According to Oeppen and Jamal (2014), brand equity is another integral part of the marketing that is used widely and much necessarily. However, it is notable that in last three decades, brand equity did not get any popularity for establishing the brand image in a specific way. Several marketing researchers identified that the concept is one of the most valuable assets that can be used for increasing the sales and benefits. It is notable that the brands usually gain the equity due to the high awareness, high reputation, and the perceived quality of the products or services (Biedenbach, 2017). The proper access to the distribution channel is also quite effective in such case. Brand equity is the intangible asset, which is completely based on the consumers associations. The conceptual ideas of brand equity are associated with three major perspectives that are as follows: One of the most widely used measures of the brand equity is the premium price of the product that signifies the specific brand. For instance, if any customer were willing to pay a huge price for any product, it would be considered as the brand value of the premium product. However, it is necessary to pay attention towards the marketing expenses for determining the measurement of the brand equity in a specific way The highly recognized and demanding brand can use the platform for launching any new product. The company can introduce a new product under a specific platform, which is already known to the customers. The reputed brand positioning would be much helpful in drawing the attention of the customers (Leekha Chhabra Sharma, 2014). The most beneficial aspect of the brand extension is it reduces the advertising expenditures and the probable risks associated with the launch of the new products. The company can adjust the costs of the expenditure accordingly and make profits. It is important to state that brand extension is much difficult to quantify if it is compared to the financial measurement of the brand equity. Consumer related parameter The strengthened brand positioning helps in influencing the consumers attitude towards the products related to the brand specifications. The consumer attitude is developed if the products create the positive impact on customers experiences. It is notable that the trial samples signify more effectiveness that the advertisements costs invested during the launch of the new products (Dergipark.gov.tr. 2017). The higher brand loyalty depends on the higher measurement of the consumer association. Effective brand equity reduces the promotional expenses and increases the market share. According to Chovanov, Korshunov and Bab?anov (2017), the strengthened brand loyalty helps in allowing the charges associated with the premium pricing. It also facilitates the general income stream that would be useful enough in managing the operational aspects. The development of the efficient brand equity would ensure the establishment of the strengthened brand image and the reputed positioning of the company . Factors influencing the customer buying behaviour It is notable that many of the uncontrollable factors have the significant impact on the consumer behaviour. Firstly, the cultural difference is the considerable factor that creates impact on the consumers minds in a significant way. While structuring the brand position, it is necessary to develop the ideas about the cultural demands that will be effective enough in attracting the customers towards the products of their choice (Keller, 2016). The consumer behaviour model is much significant in determining the perspective values of the customers while making any purchase of products or service. The Consumer Behaviour Model is discussed further. Consumer Behaviour Model Various types of models are developed to judge the behaviour of the consumers while purchasing the products or services of any particular brand. The models are discussed further: The economic model of consumer behaviour determines the rational perspectives based on the utility concept of the products. It is necessary for the customers to determine the needs at the first place before making any purchase (Aaker Biel, 2013). The customers always have the power to purchase any specific product or service. It is necessary to ensure that the product or service is useful to the customers. Accordingly, the brand would create the necessary impact on their buying decision. The rational decision of the customers is thus needed to be taken into considerations. The learning model of consumer behaviour is signifying the manipulative perspective of the customers. Few of the benefits or product specifications manipulate the customers to make a purchase. In such cases, it is essential to identify the priority of the consumers at the first place (O'guinn et al., 2014). Accordingly, the products or services would be presented to manipulate the consumers. The model is also specifying the ability of forgetting, learning, and discriminating the ability of the consumers. The psychoanalytical model of consumer behaviour specifies the influence of the complex state of mind while making any purchase of the product (Huan Sarigll, 2014). The customers usually have the sense of longings before they make any decision regarding the product or service purchases. Hence, the complex mindset may affect the decision-making behaviour of the consumers. The sociological model of consumer behaviour determines the influence of the society. In such cases, the purchasing decision does not depend on the utility, rather on the desires to follow, emulate or fit in the current environment (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). The societal compulsion has the significant impact on the consumers purchasing decision-making process. The Nicosia Model judges the point of view of a man in terms of making any purchase of the desired products or services. The consumers gather adequate information regarding the product or services as well as the brand (Andrews Shimp, 2017). The specifications recognize the motives, attitudes, and needs of the customers to understand the desired state. It is a motivational method to instigate the experience of the customers. Impact of brand promotion of consumer behavior: Marketing and the promotion is depended on each other and internally connected. In fact, the promotion is one of the major variables in marketing. The marketing of the product is influenced majorly by the promotion. The promotion can be of the product, service or the brand. All the promotion determines the sales and customers behaviors for the company (Malik et al., 2013). However, unlike the product of service promotion, the brand promotion creates a permanent impact on the mind of the people of the company, whereas, the product or service promotion only create specific influence on the customers (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). In short, the product of service promotion make people aware of the uniqueness of the product or the service provided by the company, but the brand promotion of the company makes greater impact on the consumers of the company itself (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Most of the major and global company focuses on the brand promotion more than on the individual product or service promotion. Brand is the name of the company by which the product or the service will be recognized by the customers. Promoting the brand not only makes the consumer aware of the product or the service of the company but also strengthen the company image in the consumers as well as in the competitors company (Malik et al., 2013). In addition, the brand promotion creates a permanent position of the company both in the local and global market. Objectives of Brand Promotion: Brand promotion is one of the components of the marketing mix that aims to influence the customers purchasing behaviors (O'guinn et al., 2014). The prime objectives of the brand promotion apart from making strong image are to promote information about the products, service as well as the brand, differentiate the brand from other existing brand, increase the demand of product or the service, build brand equity in order to add values and power to the product or the service and stabilize the sales in the business (What is Brand Promotion, 2017). Consumer behavior and Brand Image: The brand image and the brand promotion has been one of the extensive studies of since 20th century as it is important in building the brand equity (Aaker Biel, 2013). The companies must have clear and excellent knowledge of the consumer behavior and accordingly plan effective brand promotion strategies (Keller, Dekimpe Geyskens, 2016). The consumer behavior is one of the major variables that determine the strengthening of the brand image through brand promotion. Hence, the brand promotion to certain extent is based on the consumers behaviors. The consumers behaviors on the brand promotion and consequently on the brand image is divided in two section, one is indicated by the consumers who is aware of the brand and the others who is not familiar with the brand (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The promotion of the brand can strengthen the brand image and of the company on the consumer who have knowledge of the brand and thus can create brand loyalty in the customers. In other hand, the brand promotion can create a mark of recognition in the consumers who are new to the brand (Luo, Raithel Wiles, 2013). Considering this particular fact about the consumers knowledge about the brand the concept of customer-based equity can b mentioned (Keller, 2016). According to the concept, the brand image and the brand awareness are both basis and the sources of the brand equity. Countering this concept the brand equity emerges from the confidence of the customer on the brand. The stronger the brand image is on the consumers, the more they are willing to pay for the products or the service provided by the company (Malik et al., 2013). Hence, the brand promotion must consider these facts the performance of the brand-designed function. The social image association with the purchase of the brand, recognition and the sentimental attachment of the consumers with the brand, balance between the values of the brand and the functionalities of the same and lastly the trust of the consumers on the brand (file.scirp.org., 2017). It is evident that the behaviors of the consumers to some extent dominate the brand image, and accordingly the purchasing behavior of the customers is dominated by the effective promotion of the brand. This is because most of the consumers choose their purchasing depending on the brand and not on the product. The trust and confidence on the bran d drives the customers to purchase the service or products from certain brands. Impact of the Brand Promotion: It is evident from the above discussion that the brand image is major variables that indicates the necessity of the brand promotion. The trust and confidence on the brand of the consumers can only be determined by effective brand promotion. The brand promotion is thus an important tool to create and strengthen the brand in the existing as well as in the current new customers of the company (Oeppen Jamal, 2014). The companies must ensure an effective and wider brand position in order to attract more new customers for their products or service. In addition, to the wider aspect the brand promotion is one of the key determinates that ensue the long-term success of the company in the competitive market (Andrews Shimp, 2017). In the competitive market of todays era, the perceptions of the consumers are different from one another regarding a specific brand and its product or the service. Moreover, as discussed above the consumer behaviors determines the brand image in the competitive market (Chovanov, Korshunov Bab?anov, 2017). Therefore, the brand promotion must follow effective and unique branding and marketing strategies to ensure the existence of the brand image in the consumers mind. The consumers are moved and driven by an effective brand promotion to purchase the products or service of the company. In addition, the effective and proper brand promotion impacts on the customers choice of brand in a long-term and creates a strong relationship between the customers and the company (dergipark.gov.tr., 2017). Gaps: There have been few gaps within these research studies that have been identified in the research work. Most of the scholars failed to mention the ways the new members would be attracted and the ways technology can be playing a vital role in bettering the overall situation. It is important to understand the way digitalization would be helping in enhancing the situation of these clubs that have been facing the ire of declining membership. The scholars have mainly discussed on the issues but not the solutions that might be followed by this clubs to gain more membership and tackling the issues. This literature review part took into account the issues that have been mentioned in the articles of eminent scholars like losing out on the conventional ways of hobbying, social media playing a role in disrupting the process that used to happen previously, not letting people know through the newsletter what has been planned. Another way has been showcasing the bikes during the meeting and making people interested about the bikes on offer and the motorcycles they can experience if they become the members of a particular club. Research Methodology Research method is the structured and systematic approach to conduct any particular research process (Flick, 2015). The study would concentrate on the brand positioning method for Ulysses Club to make the customers aware of the usefulness recreational factors for the middle age people. The research depends on the mixed method research in which both the secondary and the primary data would be collected to gather the adequate knowledge about the consumers perceptions to avail the motorcycle riding services offered by Ulysses Club. The research methodology is associated with the proper research philosophy, approaches, designs and the data collection process. It is necessary to develop the ideas about the effective data collection process related to the research subject. Research Paradigm Research paradigms concentrate on the collection of the exact data related to the subject matter. The research paradigm is often considered as research philosophy that recognizes the underlying research issues. The research philosophies are categorized into three typologies, such as positivism, realism, and interpretivism (Flick, 2015). The positivism and realism philosophy deals with the extraction of the hidden truth from the sources that have been experienced the scenario in real life. On the other hand, the interpretivism philosophy deals with the human interpretation and manipulative description (Gast Ledford, 2014). The research study requires developing adequate knowledge regarding the consumers perception for riding the bike offered by Ulysses Club. The real life scenario would be much preferable for the study due to which undertaking positivism philosophy would be appropriate. Research Design: A design of the research can be stated as the complete draft of the research work. The design of the research takes in the questions of the research, research issues, identification of the variables, data gathering method and the plan related to breakdown of data. Among the several research issues, this particular paper would take in the experimental study. For the purpose of the explanatory research, the research issues are being monitored taking in the data collected over time. Five of the independent variables are being taken in as reliability, empathy, responsiveness, assurance and tangibility (Flick, 2015). The questionnaire of self-completed nature would be dispersed making use of the feasibility practice of sampling to the members of the Ulysses Club for evaluating the membership decline in the club within Australia. Research Approach: The approach of the research can be mainly divided into three sorts that are deductive, abductive and inductive. In case of deductive approach, the validity of the gathered data tests the validity of the assumption. On certain other occasions, the inductive approach takes in the new theories that would be developed (Panneerselvam, 2014). The abductive approach clarifies some of the other surprising specifics and sequences and with the subject for evaluation of the facts. This would witness the use of the deductive approach. It has cropped up with a research issue for monitoring the declining factor in membership of Ulysses Club and the ways of attracting new members. For doing the research work, the researcher would be performing the study based on drawn conclusions on certain specific facts and coherent base. Therefore, the deductive approach would be the best way of dealing with this topic. Data Collection Process: There are generally two ways of gathering data which the researcher needs to taken in honestly. The survey method is being selected as the primary research principle whereas for the secondary research the data that is generated through other sources has been chosen. A researcher can take into account any sort of methods for the purpose of primary analysis of the data like questionnaire and interviews. The two types of primary data collection would be conducted for the study. The first one is quantitative data collection process, in which the survey would be conducted among a large number of populations (Panneerselvam, 2014). Another one is qualitative data collection process that would include the telephonic interview with the managers of Ulysses Club. Secondary sources take in the relevant journals and articles along with magazines where the researchers present those data with their own perceptions. Data Analysis The collected data is needed to be analyzed in a systematic way. The collected information from the primary research would be analyzed through using the software tools like MS Excel. The responses gathered from the respondents would be presented in the tabular and diagrammatical form to explore the information in an attractive way. The conversation with the managers in the qualitative research process would be recorded for memorizing it. The chapter discloses the use of the relevant methodology to conduct the entire research study. The use of the proper research philosophy, approach and design would be applied to the study while analyzing the collected information. On the other hand, the suitable data collection process is undertaken for collecting the necessary information. Based on these methodologies, the entire research would be conducted. Reference: Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Andrews, J. C., Shimp, T. A. (2017).Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Nelson Education. Bachand-Marleau, J., Lee, B., El-Geneidy, A. (2012). Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2314), 66-71. Bachand-Marleau, J., Lee, B., El-Geneidy, A. (2012). Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2314), 66-71. Berry, J. M. (2015).Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest groups. Princeton University Press. Berry, J. M. (2015).Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest groups. Princeton University Press. Berry, J. M., Wilcox, C. (2015).The interest group society. Routledge. Berry, J. M., Wilcox, C. (2015).The interest group society. Routledge. Biedenbach, G. (2017). Branding Strategies: A Stakeholder Approach. Biezen, I. V., Poguntke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics.Party Politics,20(2), 205-216. Biezen, I. V., Poguntke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics.Party Politics,20(2), 205-216. Chovanov, H., Korshunov, A., Bab?anov, D. (2017).Impact of Brand on Consumer Behavior. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from Dergipark.gov.tr. (2017).Dergipark.gov.tr. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/288244 Everett, C. R. (2015). Group membership, relationship banking and loan default risk: the case of online social lending. Everett, C. R. (2015). Group membership, relationship banking and loan default risk: the case of online social lending. File.scirp.org. (2017). Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OJBM_2015011615441425.pdf Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N. (2014). Bike shares impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 13-20. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N. (2014). Bike shares impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,31, 13-20. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N., Watson, A. (2015). Factors influencing bike share membership: An analysis of Melbourne and Brisbane.Transportation research part A: policy and practice,71, 17-30. Fishman, E., Washington, S., Haworth, N., Watson, A. (2015). Factors influencing bike share membership: An analysis of Melbourne and Brisbane.Transportation research part A: policy and practice,71, 17-30. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gast, D. L., Ledford, J. R. (Eds.). (2014).Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Hardiman, N., Burgin, S. (2013). Mountain biking: downhill for the environment or chance to up a gear?.International journal of environmental studies,70(6), 976-986. Hardiman, N., Burgin, S. (2013). Mountain biking: downhill for the environment or chance to up a gear?.International journal of environmental studies,70(6), 976-986. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Hung, H. C., Chung, C. Y., Wu, M. C., Shen, W. L. (2017). A membership pricing policy to facilitate service scale-expansion.The Service Industries Journal,37(3-4), 167-189. Hung, H. C., Chung, C. Y., Wu, M. C., Shen, W. L. (2017). A membership pricing policy to facilitate service scale-expansion.The Service Industries Journal,37(3-4), 167-189. Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS review,6(1-2), 1-16. Keller, K. O., Dekimpe, M. G., Geyskens, I. (2016, July). Let your banner wave? Antecedents and performance implications of retailers private-label branding strategies. American Marketing Association. Knoji.com (2017).Marketing-and-branding.knoji.com. Retrieved 25 September 2017, from https://marketing-and-branding.knoji.com/what-is-brand-promotion/ Launay, J., Dunbar, R. I. (2015). Playing with strangers: which shared traits attract us most to new people?.PloS one,10(6), e0129688. Launay, J., Dunbar, R. I. (2015). Playing with strangers: which shared traits attract us most to new people?.PloS one,10(6), e0129688. Leekha Chhabra, N., Sharma, S. (2014). Employer branding: strategy for improving employer attractiveness.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,22(1), 48-60. Luo, X., Raithel, S., Wiles, M. A. (2013). The impact of brand rating dispersion on firm value.Journal of Marketing Research,50(3), 399-415. Malik, M. E., Ghafoor, M. M., Hafiz, K. I., Riaz, U., Hassan, N. U., Mustafa, M., Shahbaz, S. (2013). Importance of brand awareness and brand loyalty in assessing purchase intentions of consumer.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(5). McKee, S. (2015).The Effects of Group Membership on Judgments of Moral VConsumer behavior and Brand Image:n: justify;"McKee, S. (2015).The Effects of Group Membership on Judgments of Moral Violations(Doctoral dissertation, Wake Forest University). Morandin, G., Bagozzi, R. P., Bergami, M. (2013). Brand community membership and the construction of meaning.Scandinavian Journal of Management,29(2), 173-183. Morandin, G., Bagozzi, R. P., Bergami, M. (2013). Brand community membership and the construction of meaning.Scandinavian Journal of Management,29(2), 173-183. Oeppen, J., Jamal, A. (2014). Collaborating for success: managerial perspectives on co-branding strategies in the fashion industry.Journal of Marketing Management,30(9-10), 925-948. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R., Scheinbaum, A. C. (2014).Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Ricci, M. (2015). Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 28-38. Ricci, M. (2015). Bike sharing: A review of evidence on impacts and processes of implementation and operation.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 28-38.

Sports Gambling Essay Research Paper Americans are free essay sample

Sports Gambling Essay, Research Paper Americans are familiar with the state s major dependences: narcotics, intoxicant, and baccy. Society has spent infinite 1000000s of dollars warning about these substances, nevertheless another dependence that receives far less attending is sweeping across America. This dependence is holding a major impact on the college campuses across our state. The executive manager of the N.C.A.A. , Cedric W. Demsey, in his 1997 State of the Association reference called chancing the most serious menace confronting intercollegiate sports ( Naughton A52 ) . At the bosom of the gaming job on college campuses is college athleticss chancing. Gambling on college athleticss has two major impacts. First, chancing on athleticss merely like casino gaming is habit-forming. Second, chancing on college athleticss has hurt the unity of college sports. Because chancing on college athleticss is doing negative effects for college pupils, jocks, and athletic games, the U.S. authorities should censor all chancing on college athleticss, and stairss should be taken to diminish the prevalence of illegal and Internet chancing on college campuses. On March 19, 1931, the Nevada province authorities voted to legalise gaming. At this clip no 1 had of all time heard of the term, athleticss book. It would be some forty old ages subsequently before the first athleticss book would open up in Las Vegas. The Union Plaza Hotel in downtown Las Vegas opened the first casino athleticss book in 1975. A athleticss book is a topographic point where a stake can be made on a clean event. Nevada is the lone province where a individual can wager on an single game or featuring event lawfully. A individual can wager on about every professional athletics, along with some collegial athleticss, which chiefly consist of work forces s hoops and football. The athleticss books in Las Vegas each have immense electronic odds boards that tell which squads are playing, the squad that is expected to win, and how much the squad is expected to win by. The squad that is supposed to win is called the favourite, and the squad that is supposed to lose is called the underdog. Now person new to athleticss wagering would state, good I ll merely bet on the favourite and win most of the clip. Unfortunately, nevertheless it is much tougher than this. The one thing that makes chancing on athleticss really hard is a term called the point spread. The underdog squad is given an border or points, and this is by and large referred to as the point spread. Here is an illustration of how the point spread works. Suppose the Kansas City Chiefs are playing the Denver Broncos at Mile High Stadium, here in Denver. The Broncos have the home-field advantage, plus they are two-time supporting Super Bowl title-holders. Most betters would set their money on the Broncos, right? But what if 10 points were added to the Chiefs concluding mark? Now which squad would bettors take so? The determination becomes more hard. For those who bet on Denver, the Broncos must win by more than ten points. Suppose the concluding mark is Broncos 29, Chiefs 20. With a point spread of 10 points added to the Chiefs side, the concluding betting mark becomes Broncos 29, Chiefs 30. Those who bet on the Chiefs win and those who bet on the Broncos lose. On the other manus, if the Broncos win by more than ten points, say 34-20, betters say that the Broncos covered the spread. If the Broncos win by precisely ten points, neither side win s and all stakes are returned. How much money does a winning better receive? The odds are 11-to-10. That is, a individual must wager $ 11 to win $ 10. The $ 1 difference is called the juice, and this difference is how the casino makes its money. It may look like a little sum, but the higher the sum wagered the higher the juice will be. With these odds, a gambler who bets the same sum on every game has to be right 52.38 per centum of the clip to interrupt even or in other words win 11 out of 21 stakes made. Sports books try to put a point spread that represents the wagering public s sentiment on the likely result of the game, non the bookmakers, contrary to popular belief that the athleticss books set point spreads based merely on which squad is better or worse ( Oorlog 97 ) . This manner the casino doesn T concern which squad wins or loses. The casino may non ever win, but it neer loses because it automatically receives the juice as net income. How are point spreads determined? This is the occupation of the oddsmaker, who wants to pull an equal sum of stakes on each squad in a game. The taking oddsmaker in Las Vegas is Michael Roxy Roxborough ( Orkin 58 ) . He runs a service called Las Vegas Sports Consultants from the 12th floor of the Valley Bank Building merely off the Strip. Roxborough s line goes out by computing machine to his casino athleticss book clients and about 70 major newspapers around the state ( Savage 32 ) . You might inquire why the point spreads are given to 70 major newspapers around the state if you can merely wager on athleticss in Las Vegas? The ground is because illegal athleticss gaming is far bigger than legal athleticss gaming, and many people read the newspaper merely to see the point spread on the games that dark. The legal gaming industry took in $ 2.5 billion in 1996, but illegal bets were estimated to account for more than $ 90 billion ( McGraw 50 ) . Illegal athleticss chancing is non like what you would see in Las Vegas, with the immense odds boards exposing the odds on games. The immense athleticss books in Las Vegas are replaced by persons who are called bookmakers. These bookmakers do reasonably much the same operation as the athleticss books in the casinos, merely at a smaller graduated table and with the hazard of being caught by jurisprudence enforcement officers. The bookmakers take stakes over the phone from their patronage, largely on recognition, and do their money off the juice, merely like the athleticss book in Las Vegas. This is a hazardous concern, nevertheless since there is no manner to do per son pay off his or her stakes. A bookmaker can non name the constabulary and say that person made a stake, and now they re non willing to pay up. With the hazard of non acquiring paid and acquiring busted by the constabulary, some bookmakers have come up with better thoughts of acquiring around the jurisprudence. Some bookmakers that were interrupting the jurisprudence for taking athleticss stakes in the U.S. have now moved overseas. The new moving ridge and the hereafter of athleticss wagering are now overseas. How? Sports wagering on the Internet. Is this legal? It depends. Many states outside the United States allow legalized athleticss chancing. Federal jurisprudence in the United States prohibits people from conveying by wire any bet in interstate or foreign commercialism. Many of these new, as they re called, sports-betting houses hope to hedge the U.S. gaming Torahs because it is non on U.S. dirt. Legal or non, on-line gaming is large concern. The Justice Department has estimated $ 600 million was bet over the Internet on athleticss in 1997, a ten-fold addition of the estimated sum for 1996 ( NCAA marks Internet wagering 2 ) . With all of this money being wagered on featuring events lawfully, illicitly, and on the Internet, who benefits? Relatively few do. The few that benefit are the 1s taking the stakes, such as the casino, the bookmaker, and the over-seas betting houses. These few benefit by acquiring richer and richer at the disbursal of others. Sports chancing has affected one group in peculiar. Harmonizing to the article, You bet you life by Tim Layden, he states that chancing is rampant on college campuses across the state. Students, frequently bright but na ve, bet- -and lose- -substantial amounts of money on featuring events ( 47 ) . College athleticss chancing has two chief negative side effects. The first, which is likely most obvious, is that chancing on athleticss is habit-forming. The 2nd, which many people are incognizant of, is that college athleticss gaming is aching the unity of college athleticss many of us enjoy to watch. The fastest turning dependence in the United States is chancing ( Horn 34 ) . In the article Pathologic gaming: America s newest dependence? by Andrew V. Pasternak, he says that the handiness of legalized gaming, particularly casino gaming, has proliferated in the United States. Some signifier of legalized chancing exists in every province except Utah and Hawaii, and 27 provinces have legalized casino chancing. Off-shore companies offer sports-book wagering through toll-free Numberss and the Internet. In 1996, $ 586.5 billion was wagered in all signifiers of legal gaming in the United States. Overall, between 75 and 90 per centum of Americans gamble ( 1293 ) . With casinos shooting up everyplace across our state, and the debut of Internet gaming, it is no admiration why gaming has become an ever-increasing job in our society. With the handiness of chancing on the addition, the figure of compulsive gamblers is traveling to lift every bit good. States that permitted chancing at casinos, athleticss betting, jai alai, and teletheaters had a greater per capita figure of Gamblers Anonymous chapters ( Campbell and Lester 126 ) . Harmonizing to the article Pathological Gambling and Depression, which states that a chancing nut can be defined as person who is inveterate and increasingly unable to defy urges to chance and for whom chancing via medias, disrupts, or amendss household, personal, and vocational chases ( Becona, Lorenzo, and Fuentes 635 ) . One of the most celebrated people to yield to the dependence of athleticss chancing is Art Schlichter. Art Schlichter was the starting signal caller at Ohio State University from 1975 to 1979. Art started wagering on athleticss in his junior twelvemonth of college ( Valente 83 ) . In 1979, he led the Buckeyes to an 11-1 record and was 4th in the Heisman Trophy vote. The Baltimore Colts drafted him out of college, and he lost his $ 300,000 subscribing fillips due to athleticss chancing ( 84 ) . By the clip Art had eventually hit stone underside, he had been thrown out of the NFL, bounced $ 175,000 in cheques, about lost his household, and now is still functioning clip in gaol for the bounced cheques ( 81 ) . Many college pupils, like Art, seek athleticss chancing for the first clip while they are in college. Harmonizing to the Las Vegas Veterans Affair Medical Center s Dr. Rena Nora, a head-shrinker who has been handling compulsive gamblers for more than 20 old ages, Vulnerability to chancing depends on two basic things: handiness to hard currency and how clever a individual is ( Layden 53 ) . By these footings, a batch of college pupils are vu lnerable. The prevalence of athleticss chancing on college campuses is so widespread that the NCAA has even added a chancing enforcement functionary. College athleticss chancing is distributing like an epidemic. Students influence other pupils. Peer force per unit area is why many pupils in college attempt athleticss chancing in the first topographic point. When you have chancing on campus, bet oning equals promote inclinations to chance ( Browne and Brown 345 ) . Sports gaming is habit-forming and prevailing on college campuses, but how can athleticss chancing affect the unity of college athleticss? This inquiry can be answered with phrases such as: point shave, throwing a game, or repairing a game. A fitting definition that covers all three of these phrases is: an jock or jocks, for the intent of deriving money either by being paid by person or wagering themselves, that affects the result of a game. Point shaving dirts in featuring events are largely restricted to college football and hoops games. Pro jocks have small to derive with their multi-million dollar contracts, which is why college jocks are so susceptible. An athlete looking to do a speedy vaulting horse or wipe out a chancing debt to a bookmaker can be tempted to repair a game. There have been point-shaving dirts from the early 50s to the present. Recent dirts have included such universities as Boston College, Tulane, Northwestern, North Carolina State, Central Florida, Texas, Arizona State, and many others. One of the more recent dirts and likely the biggest in footings of money wagered, occurred at Arizona State. Two participants from the Arizona State work forces s hoops squad in the 1993-94 season were convicted of repairing three games. An article in the magazine Sport by Armen Kereyian called An NCAA Hedlake: the lone hole to the turning figure of point-shaving dirts is to do the guilty wage called the dirt the most important athleticss graft instances in our state s history ( 28 ) . To sum up the narrative, Hedake Smith, one of the two convicted and ASU s 2nd all-time taking scorer, started chancing on athleticss and worked up a important debt to his bookmaker. His bookmaker said he could extinguish his debt and gain more by still winning hoops games, but non by excessively many points ( point-shaving ) . He agreed and the first two games went by unnoticed. In the concluding game that Smith agreed to shave points, the word had gotten out about how the game was supposed to be fixed . So much money was wagered against ASU in Las Vegas that one Vegas oddsmaker called the Pac-10 to alarm it to the possibility that points were being shaved ( Confessions Of A Point Shaver 98 ) . During halftime of the game, the manager of ASU yelled at his participants about how icky they were playing, and said that there was an NBA lookout in the bases. It occurred to Smith that put on the lining his NBA calling by shaving point was non deserving it and in the 2nd half of the game ASU blew out their oppositions and covered the spread. It was estimated that more that $ 1 million was bet on that game, when a normal Pac-10 game receives merely $ 50,000 of action ( 95 ) . In the terminal, Hedake Smith was caught for the dirt and sacrificed a promising NBA calling worth 1000000s of dollars, and is now expecting condemning which could set down him in gaol for his actions in the point-shaving dirt. As you can see from the narrative about Hedake Smith, athleticss chancing can pervert the jocks that play the game. Not merely does chancing on athleticss affect the jocks that play the game, chancing affects the others pupils on campus every bit good. Sports chancing by the pupil organic structure is besides going more prevailing throughout the college campuses across the state. Some solution to the increasing job of athleticss chancing demands to be implemented. The root of the job begins in Las Vegas. Extinguishing athleticss wagering on college games in Las Vegas would significantly cut down the sum wagered on college athleticss. By extinguishing college athleticss wagering in Las Vegas, the oddsmaker would no longer put point spread for college games. By extinguishing the point spreads for college games, college jocks would non be put in to a state of affairs where they would be tempted to shave points. The casinos, which offer sportsbooks, in the terminal provide much of the fiscal backup for most illegal wagering. The bulk of the clip, little bookmakers know a larger bookmaker. If a batch of the little bookmakers clientele is beting the bulk of their money on one squad, the little bookmaker ( to cover himself in instance he loses ) will wager on the same squad with a larger bookmaker. In bend, this larger bookmaker knows an even bigger bookmaker, and the form is repeated until it finally ends at the Las Vegas athleticss books. With the apparently eternal sums of money, this is where a batch of the illegal bets finally wind up, at the legal athleticss books in Las Vegas. Another country that can non be ignored is the handiness of abroad gaming. It would be the authorities s occupation to ordain and implement rigorous Torahs to barricade Internet entree to these chancing sites. Laws would hold to be developed to prosecute the gaming houses that take stakes from the United States. By traveling after these chancing houses and halting their operation, the authorities could halt college pupils from beting their money over the Internet. As I see it these chancing houses are the moving ridge of the hereafter for athleticss chancing. As our society becomes more and more technologically advanced in the hereafter, the consequence that athleticss chancing has on our society will weigh to a great extent on whether Internet gaming is allowed to run or non. It may depend on the populaces elected functionaries to vote on an issue such as this, and all people should be informed of the effects of athleticss chancing. Educating the populace on the negative effects of athletics gaming will play a critical function in extinguishing athleticss chancing. Booklets and advertizement on the negative impacts that athleticss chancing cause should be readily available to the general populace. Many job gamblers begin while in high school, so by educating the young person earlier high school may help in debaring chancing jobs that may hold happened subsequently in the kid s life. Would leting college athleticss chancing to be legal everyplace by leting the provinces to modulate and revenue enhancement sportsbetting be a better solution than doing it illegal? In 1994, the Florida Office of Planning and Budgeting conducted a survey to project the costs of legalising casino gaming in the province. The biggest possible authorities disbursal turned out to be that of imprisoning all the new pathological gamblers who turn to offense. Harmonizing to the survey, Not numbering costs of prosecution, damages or other related costs, captivity and supervising costs entirely for job gambler condemnable incidents could be Florida occupants $ 6,080,000,000 ( Horn 38 ) . This survey reasonably much speaks for itself. In world chancing doesn T rise large grosss for authoritiess, it costs the authoritiess and taxpayers large money for the jobs that come up with chancing. By doing it legal to wager on college games everyplace would merely add to the figure of point-shaving dirts. More people would be involved in chancing on college games, therefore there would be more people looking to do a speedy vaulting horse by inquiring a participant to repair a game. College sports already has a monkey on its dorsum for the dirts of the yesteryear. The jocks need to gain back the regard of the fans who enjoy to watch them vie. The lone manner this will go on is if there will neer be a dirt, affecting repairing a game, to go on once more, and the lone manner this will be happen is through the riddance of chancing on college athleticss. It may look that chancing on college athleticss is harmless merriment for the mean athleticss overzealous who wants to wager some money on his or her favourite squad. In world, nevertheless many people have lost everything they had dreamed for due to athleticss chancing. The unity of the college athleticss is enduring due to athleticss chancing. As the handiness of athleticss chancing additions, more people will endure the inauspicious effects that come with it. Plants Cited Becona, Elisardo, Maria Del Carmen Lorenzo, and Maria Jose Fuentes. Pathological Gambling and Depression. Psychological Reports 78 ( 1996 ) : 635-40. Browne, Beverly A. and Daniel J. Brown. Forecasters of lottery gaming among American college pupils. The Journal of Social Psychology 134 ( 1994 ) : 339- 48. Campbell, Frank and Lester, David. The impact of chancing chances on compulsive gaming. The Journal of Social Psychology 139.1 ( 1999 ) : 126-8. Confessions Of A Point Shaver. Sports Illustrated 9 Nov 1998: 92-102. Devlin, Ann Sloan and Donald M. Peppard Jr. Casino Use By College Students. Psychological Reports 78 ( 1996 ) : 899-906. Horn, Bernard P. Is at that place a remedy for America s chancing dependence? USA Today May 1997: 34-7. Kereyian, Armen. An NCAA Hedlake: the lone hole to the turning figure of point- shave dirts is to do the guilty wage. Sport May 1998: 28-30. Layden, Tim. You wager your life. Sports Illustrated 17 April 1995: 46-54. McGraw, Dan. The national stake: puting an illegal bet on a athleticss game has neer been easier. And more Americans are making it than of all time. U.S. News A ; World Report 7 April 1997: 50-6. Murray, John B. Review of Research on Pathological Gambling. Psychological Reports 72 ( 1993 ) : 791-810. Naughton, Jim. Why Athletes Are Vulnerable to Gambling. The Chronicle Of Higher Education 17 April 1998: A51-2. NCAA mark Internet betting. ESPN.com 10 Feb 1999 Oorlog, Dale R. Serial correlativity in the wagering market for professional hoops. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics 34 ( 1995 ) : 96-110. Orkin, Mike. Can You Win? New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1991. Pasternak, Andrew V. Pathologic gaming: America s newest dependence? American Family Physician 56 ( 1997 ) : 1293-96. Savage, Jeff. A Certain Thing? Washington D.C. : Lerner Publications Company, 1997. Valente, Judith. A long route to daylight ; a fallen football hero battles to interrupt free of the chancing dependence that sacked his calling and drove him to prison. Peoples Weekly 15 Jan 1996: 81-7.

How Does A Career Change Your Perspective In Life?

How Does A Career Change Your Perspective In Life?An essay sample, especially this one on how does a career change your perspective in life, is going to be something that's going to get students thinking. It can also be challenging because of the nature of the questions that you're going to be facing. So, it's going to take a lot of self-reflection and an ability to make sense of things.Obviously, you're not going to have all the answers right off the bat because you're going to be facing a different thing each time you read it. You may have to find some other sources of answers for yourself so that you can make sense of it. This is especially true if the questions don't seem to be so easy.This is the first part of how does a career change your perspective in life, and it's actually a pretty easy one. If you're in sales, you'll know that it isn't all about talking about your job, or even selling. Sometimes, when you're doing what you love best, you're also doing what you know. In oth er words, you're dealing with clients on the other side of the world, and it's very hard to understand their needs if you don't have a business mindset.At other times, you'll find that the challenges you face at work and at home are similar, and it takes a different perspective to see things differently. The advice in this article is to look at it as it will be presented to you, not in terms of how does a career change your perspective in life essay sample format. Instead, think of it as an opportunity to learn and grow.The next part of this subject, how does a career change your perspective in life, is the part that will often be the most difficult. Many students seem to think that they need to work the night shift to fit into the job, or that they need to have a degree that's a prerequisite for success. Neither of these things are really true, but you can't really do anything about that until you take some steps to help yourself.You'll find that there are various ways that you can advance in your career without having to move into a different career or move to a different area of the country. When you go through this part of the essay, it will help you think more clearly about how a career change changes your perspective in life. You will learn that you can always use new experiences to grow as a person, and that you shouldn't be afraid to take risks.Writing is a skill that you will need to practice, but you shouldn't allow fear of rejection or failure to prevent you from doing it. Try out all kinds of writing styles to see which one you're the most comfortable with. Once you have found one that suits you, take action.This is one of the more challenging sections of this essay, but it's the most important one, and that's why it's an essay sample on how does a career change your perspective in life. So, give it a try.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review Essay Example

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review Paper Essay on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Stumbled on a book by chance, briefly read its description. Thinking that I was waiting for an exciting childrens story, I borrowed the book. Between times The trouble is trouble with him and him and him .. sorry, I thought, when left to read page 15. And literally believed that childrens story will be a childrens and means a happy ending. The author builds his narrative, so that at first do not understand what it was about and what, in fact, in trouble. I did not understand why at the same time, our publishers so openly burned intrigue cover. Read in electronic form, so do not see the picture until now. Never had a desire to postpone or even quit. Do not turn the language to call the story of the miraculous. Alas, it does not have a miracle. But there is a soul. At least the facts, but the maximum of details that could hurt some internal chord of the reader, if he is not quite yet a skeptic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The theme of Auschwitz and the Holocaust through the eyes of 9-year-old boy. Without blood, heart-rending details. If through the dusty glass. You understand what I mean, but you can imagine what is happening themselves, the author does not show details. For me, it is valuable. In the childhood there is no nation. They met on opposite sides of the barbed wire, the son of the German commandant and a Jew, so similar to each other: Very strange. Maybe, on this side of the fence and hundreds of Shmuel, but I did not see anyone here who would be born in one day with me -. We are like twins said Bruno . there is little, has agreed to Shmuel Their adult problems seem diametrically different.. How could it be considered a problem that the son of the commandant instead of luxury apartments is forced to live in a three-story (only in his opinion) the house? Much more important and scary that says Shmuel one of the doomed. But the author has described the experiences of both boys that discontent Bruno does not cause disgust and trouble Shmuel does not make you cry. I equally empathized both sunk into the soul dialogue that occurred between Bruno and his sister:. It turns out that the Jews do not like its opposite No, is it? we do not like them, a fool. Bruno frowned. Gretel are constantly being told that we can not call a brother a fool, but she did not her kill -. Well, why do we not like them? Bruno said -. Because they are Jews trouble The trouble with it as millions of repeating the unfortunate phrase that has no meaning Kind, nice girl of 13 years talking with her dolls, but living with a veil on the eyes. The trouble with boys, who in spite of the wire (serving a symbol of all BUT) reaching out to each other and do not let go until the very end . The trouble with his father Bruno, had only small cog, imagines, though without the clock does not go. How sad for me to read about the fate of men like trampling them at the end of the story writers. The trouble with them Men in striped pajamas. How many of them had a sort of Shmuel, worthy of love, family, freedom, God only knows. The trouble with Bruno, whose open heart actually led him to the scaffold. Just a wonderful, the author done without lengthy descriptions and analysis of characters such as Hitler, his wife, parents, Bruno and servants. And a special thank you for the fact that did not go into the historical details. This book touches a nerve. So let the touches something intangible.

Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts

Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts Introduction Global financial crisis is described as the extensive economic disaster that started in the United States in 2007. Starting with the collapse of the American financial system, the economic emergency rapidly spread to other countries in the world. Interrelated markets of the current global trading systems were the major cause of the rapid spread of the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After a number of years since the first occurrence of the crisis, it is still not possible to explain fully the impact of the global financial crisis because the economic emergency keeps on hindering and destroying global markets (Gelos, 2009, p. 15). A number of factors caused the concurrent crush of the housing system, financial markets, and the banking industry in America. Even though the causes of the crisis are still debated, th is occurrence spread out almost immediately into the international market. Usually, the United States plays an influential role in global financial industries and stock trading. This means that the crush caused a destructive impact both within America and in countries all over the world. The extensive effects of the economic crisis began late in 2007 at the time when prices of fuel and food started increasing globally. Factors that some years before seemed minor like increases in prices of fertilizers started to destroy crop industries and the importation of food in developing economies (Gelos, 2009, p. 17). In 2008 as the financial crisis in America intensified, financial institutions like banks strove to decrease their spending mainly in foreign investments. This deepened the worldwide emergency because many countries depended a lot on the foreign investment of the United States for the survival of their economies. Global governance The outstanding increase in global integration r ecently has largely overwhelmed the ability of global governance. The deepening of globalization has led to an increase in insufficiency of organizations and policies responsible for global governance. This was evident in the global financial crisis and its harsh effects which are still ongoing. The speed and frequency with which economic emergencies from one nation and spread to other countries shows the significance of sufficiently strengthening financial organizations to make sure that they are able to take fast, remedial and effective measures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Improvement in global economic governance is the main factor in renewing the prevailing dialogue in global political economy (Crotty, 2009, p. 563). Many national economic policies which are cost effective work partly because they benefit other nations but a majority of the policies are on ly possible if they are also adopted by other nations. The IMF has argued that the main cause of the global financial crisis was inadequate regulation of the financial system combined with lack of market discipline. Global imbalances alone could not have led to the crisis without the capability of financial organizations to create new tools and mechanisms to take care of the demand for higher incomes by investors. The tools eventually became more risky than excepted (Crotty, 2009, p. 564). However, many of the investors relied on the analysis on credits by various agencies thus failing to conduct prior examination of the assets despite their optimism in the increased prices. This was considered one of the major causes of the economic crisis. The biggest role in the crisis was however, played by flawed and ineffective financial regulation which is also called the shadow banking system. The highly interconnected but loosely regulated network of hedge funds, investment banks and mortga ge sector was not subjected to prudential regulation. They were not regulated because they were never seen as systematically significant like banks (Crotty, 2009, p. 565). Their lack of regulation made it further attractive for banks to elude capital investments by making these entities take all the risk. Over time, this institution network became very large and became systematically vital. By the end of 2007, the assets of bank-like organizations in the United States that were not prudentially regulated were estimated$10 trillion, almost equal to the assets of the regulated banking system of America (Crotty, 2009, p. 566). Financial problems that began in the United States in 2007 rapidly spilled over to other countries around the globe to cause the harshest global financial crisis and collapse from the time of the Great Depression. The global implications of the crisis were totally unpredicted and have forced a reconsideration of global financial connections. Even though global ex posure could have offered a bit of insurance by way of constructive wealth transmission for some economies at the time of the crisis, global exposure played a destructive role by enabling the crisis to rapidly spread from the American housing market to the larger American economy and then to other countries (Porter, 2011, p. 9).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These economic shortcomings may have been prevented by extensive regulation of the financial sector. Because financiers will always find a way of evading regulations proposed, global governance could have implemented its proposed regulations and action taken against market players who go against the regulations. Banks The world quickly moved from the global savings glut to an abrupt contraction in international liquidity. Shocks are enlarged and spread faster when leverage exists. In e arly 2000s, there was a considerable build up in leverage of big American commercial banks and global investment banks (Shin, 2009, p. 101). Although commercial banks may not seem to have problems with leverage levels before the financial crisis began, when the crisis started, internationally active banks played a very crucial role in the spread of shocks globally. A channel of this connection is the way in which these banks control liquidity throughout the whole banking association. Banks can transmit shocks globally by managing their liquidity throughout foreign linkages, dealings with international banking linkages, and through the global lending decisions. Banking crises and recessions have adverse impact on the creation of new relations however; all banks or all nations do not experience the same effects. The 2007 crisis showed this pattern and had huge negative effect on the creation of new connections in the international network of banks. The financial crisis made banks very cautious when lending and this meant that new relationships were not made. Banks helped in the rapid spreading of the crisis through reduced lending (Shin, 2009, p. 104). This had the impact of lessening international liquidity and also with the vital role played by banks in the United States to supply dollars, reduced lending led to an international shortage of dollar liquidity. The Federal Reserve in collaboration with other central banks injected dollars to respond to the crisis. Investors As banks limited lending and liquidity throughout borders, at the same time investors cut their capital flows in foreign markets. During the financial crisis, changes in international liquidity, crisis occurrences, and risk had a large impact on capital flows during the crisis. These effects were very varied in all nations but with a big part of this variation described by disparities in the strength of macro-economic fundamentals, country risk, and quality of home organizations. Fund managers and fund investors also played a role in the spreading of the crisis across countries. The volatility of mutual fund investments is motivated by fund managers and investors through which injections into each fund and changes in management in national cash and weights (Rogoff, 2008, p. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers as well as investors react to national crises, returns and change their investments significantly in reaction to the economic occurrences like the global financial crisis. The behavior of both managers and investors is somewhat cyclical because they pull out of countries in undesirable times and increase their exposures in the countries when economic conditions improve. This means that investors in mutual funds are a vessel through which financial crisis of 2007 spread rapidly across nations in their portfolio leading to a global financial crisis (Rogoff, 2008, p. 3). Real linkages These could also be the channel through which the financial crisis rapidly spread globally. For instance, majority of Asian countries were not exposed to the subprime and housing markets of the United States and therefore, such economies had weaker connections with America through investment and direct bank relationships (Fidrmuc, 2010, p. 293). These Asian economies however still suffered harsh reduction of output in 2008 and 2009. The financial crisis had a larger undesirable effect on companies with larger sensitivity to trade and demand especially in economies that are more open to trade. Financial openness however, appeared to have made a minimal difference. This indicates that real channels of transfer through the impact of aggregate demand and trade flows played a significant role in spreading the global financial crisis. Conclusion The financial crisis may act as medium for transformation in global governance and may signify a change from the traditional economic system. The global financial crisis has helped in revealing the big gap between international economic order and structures of governance in modern times (Helleiner, 2009, p. 17). Many emerging economies such as China have been attaining rising political and economic significance but are not equally represented in crucial institutions. Even though the reaction to the crisis has largely been on the financial system, more attention needs to be paid to monetary issues as well as the world trade. A debate has been ongoing about whether informal institutions such as the G20 or the G8 should really play a role in transforming the authority and governance of global financial organizations. G20 may not be fully justifiable in its present embodiment to succeed in this duty; in fact by just growing present IFI and doing nothing to change them poses a risk of dependency and the maintenance of business as usual. Global governance is very important in a situation where trade exists. The development of trade administration will have to take into consideration the present stresses placed upon it by economic growth and sustainability questions brought about by the financial crisis. Global governance needs to reform if it aims at meeting global economic objectives and react to challenges (Helleiner, 2009, p. 16). The main role of global governance is managing the international economy by considering t he views and interests of all players and not just the G7 views. References List Crotty, J 2009 ‘Structural causes of the global financial crisis’, Cambridge journal of economics, vol. 33 p. no. 4, pp. 563-566. Gelos, G 2009 ‘The global crisis: explaining cross-country differences in output impact’, Social science research network, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 15-17. Helleiner, E 2009 ‘Regulation and fragmentation in internal financial government special forum: crisis and the future of global financial governance’, Global governance, vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 16-21. Porter, M 2011 ‘Managing in the new global economy’, Harvard business school, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 7 12. Rogoff, K 2008 ‘Is the 2007 U.S subprime financial crisis so different’, The national bureau of economic research, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 2-3. Shin, H 2009 ‘Reflection of the northern rock: the bank run that heralded the global financial crisis’, Journal of economi c perspectives, vol. 23 no. 1, pp. 101-104. Fidrmuc, J (2010) ‘The impact of the global financial crisis on business cycles in Asian emerging economies’, journal of Asian economics, vol. 21 no. 3, pp. 293 – 312.

Consultancy project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Consultancy project - Essay Example The company still experiences problems in Saudi Arabia, most of which affect the productivity of employees. The company currently experiences problems with the HR department. Therefore, the BAE Company plans to work with the Delta HR consultancy to enable them identify the issues related with the HR department. The consultant presented in this paper is Delta HR consultancy group, consultee in BAE company systems and the consultee’s client group are Strikemaster aircraft in Saudi Arabia ( BAE Systems 2000, p. 111). In any consultancy project, consultants must know the operational and conceptual picture of their definition in consultation, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate operation models to enhance their effectiveness in consulting. This also facilitates the expansion of experience and enhances understanding the necessary process in their consultancy projects. Studies indicate that only few consultants succeed in the absence of high quality skills. Su ch skills include evaluation of the problem definition, knowing of when to listen or confront, being a good relation builder, and recognition of excessive dependency or understanding dynamics of resistance. Such skills enhance the competency of a consultant (Biech 2005, p. 20). Objectives of the project entail the investigation of the problems facing BAE, the proposal of the process involved to undertake a consultancy project, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the consultancy project with regard to BAE. Process of Undertaking a Consultancy Project The process of undertaking a consultation project involves six steps. The steps apply to both long-term and short-term consultation. These include pre-entry, entry, information gathering, solution searching, evaluation and termination (The Consultancy Process, 1990). The steps are in correspondence to the research methods undertaken and data acquired through qualitative and quantitative methods. All information in this paper originates from questionnaires and interviews where the consultant seeks to get first hand information that forms the basis to the consultancy project. Step 1: Pre-entry Pre-entry step underscores significance of the consultants in their regular engagement in self-assessment. This ensures that consultants remain in their rightful positions situations arising. The consultant may be misperceived as possessing unusual knowledge, insights and skills in defining and solving problems for another person. The pre-entry step therefore focuses on the consultant, and in this case, Delta HR consultancy. This step forms the preliminary stage where the consultant establishes a conceptual framework. This also enables the consultant assesses himself to articulate to others and to self of his/her true capabilities in providing them with the services they require. Failure of going through this step leads to possible underestimation or overestimation of the potential of the consultant to be useful. The assessmen t prevents the consultant from considering most problems and needs of the consultee as fitting to the favourite interventions and paradigms of the consultant for helping. The reflective and self-assessment involved in this stage enable the consultant understand the beliefs and values to be able to understand how organizations solve their problems. The Delta Consultancy must

Looking for Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Looking for Lincoln - Essay Example He was considered as the presidential god and democratic ideal who sacrificed his life for the nation. Also, as his assassination occurred on a Good Friday, he was considered by the mourning nationals as a Jesus parallel, and this added his reverential heights. Several events that followed Lincoln’s death and immense grief and memory of Lincoln in public minds have definitely added to the cohesion, nationalism, and unity of the Americans during a period of serious degeneration. However, Lincoln has been considered as both a true and false friend of African Americans, and as one who supports or opposes incursions on civil liberties. Philip B. Kunhardt’s article Lincolns Contested Legacy throws light on some of the major arguments in this regard. As Kunhardt’s article reveals, interpretation of Lincoln’s legacy varied from group to group. Interpretation by â€Å"northerners and southerners, prairie westerners and east coast elites, blacks and white, secular and religious, liberals and conservatives, scholars and popularizers† varied (para. 1). For instance, the prevailing mood after Lincoln’s death, as told by Evening Post editor Parke Godwin is â€Å"No loss has been comparable to his. Never in human history has there been so universal, so spontaneous, so profound an expression of a nations bereavement† (para 2). Lincoln was considered as a wise and good man and a supreme leader by many though everyone does not agree with this. Northern democrats opposed Lincoln’s wartime suspension of habeas corpus which has led to imprisonment without trial of suspected traitors and protestors, and they criticized Lincoln’s tyrannical rule. Much of the southerners also hated Lincoln, although some have expressed regret over his death, many considered John wilkes booth, the murderer of Lincoln, as â€Å"bold slayer of an American tyrant† (Kunhardt, para 4). African Americans like Frederick Douglas passionately promoted Lincolns